{"id":1138,"date":"2025-02-19T03:25:18","date_gmt":"2025-02-19T03:25:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/karyem.com.tr\/?p=1138"},"modified":"2025-03-03T06:30:24","modified_gmt":"2025-03-03T06:30:24","slug":"soya-fasulyesi-glycine-max-yetistiriciligi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/karyem.com.tr\/index.php\/2025\/02\/19\/soya-fasulyesi-glycine-max-yetistiriciligi\/","title":{"rendered":"Soya Fasulyesi (Glycine max) Yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Soya fasulyesi (Glycine max), y\u00fcksek protein i\u00e7eri\u011fi ve besin de\u011feri ile \u00f6nemli bir tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr. D\u00fcnyada en fazla \u00fcretilen ikinci baklagil olan soya fasulyesi, hayvan yemi, bitkisel ya\u011f \u00fcretimi ve g\u0131da sanayisinde geni\u015f bir kullan\u0131m alan\u0131na sahiptir. Ayr\u0131ca, \u00e7evre dostu \u00f6zelliklere sahip bu bitki, azot fiksasyonu sayesinde s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir tar\u0131mda \u00f6nemli bir rol oynar. Bu makalede, soya fasulyesinin yeti\u015ftirilmesi, uygun toprak ve iklim ko\u015fullar\u0131, ekimden hasada kadar olan s\u00fcre\u00e7 ve verim art\u0131rma y\u00f6ntemleri ele al\u0131nacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u0130klim ve Toprak Gereksinimleri<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Soya fasulyesi, \u0131l\u0131man iklim ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 tercih eder. Y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131klar ve do\u011fru sulama ile verimlilik artar.<\/p>\n

      \n
    • S\u0131cakl\u0131k<\/strong>: Soya fasulyesi, \u00e7imlenme i\u00e7in ideal olan 15-20\u00b0C aras\u0131ndaki s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda ve b\u00fcy\u00fcme i\u00e7in 20-30\u00b0C aras\u0131nda optimum ko\u015fullara sahiptir. Don olaylar\u0131 soya fasulyesi i\u00e7in zararl\u0131d\u0131r, bu y\u00fczden bitki donmaya kar\u015f\u0131 korunmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n
    • Ya\u011f\u0131\u015f<\/strong>: Y\u0131ll\u0131k ya\u011f\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131 500-700 mm aras\u0131nda olan b\u00f6lgelerde soya fasulyesi verimli bir \u015fekilde yeti\u015fir. Kurakl\u0131k, verim kay\u0131plar\u0131na yol a\u00e7abilece\u011finden sulama kritik \u00f6neme sahiptir.<\/li>\n
    • Toprak<\/strong>: Soya fasulyesi, iyi drene olmu\u015f t\u0131nl\u0131 veya killi t\u0131nl\u0131 topraklarda geli\u015fir. Hafif asidik (pH 6-6.5) veya n\u00f6tr pH aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 en uygun ko\u015fullar\u0131 sa\u011flar. Topra\u011f\u0131n organik madde a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan zengin olmas\u0131 k\u00f6k geli\u015fimi ve bitki sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in faydal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
        \n
      1. Ekim Zaman\u0131 ve Y\u00f6ntemleri<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        Soya fasulyesi tohumdan yeti\u015ftirilen bir bitkidir.<\/p>\n

          \n
        • Ekim Zaman\u0131<\/strong>: Soya fasulyesi ekimi, son don tarihinin ard\u0131ndan yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Genellikle ilkbaharda, toprak \u0131s\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n 10\u00b0C’ye ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemde ekim yap\u0131l\u0131r. Ekim d\u00f6nemi mart sonu ile may\u0131s ba\u015f\u0131 aras\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/li>\n
        • Ekim Y\u00f6ntemleri<\/strong>:\n
            \n
          • Mibzerle Ekim<\/strong>: Modern tar\u0131mda en yayg\u0131n y\u00f6ntemdir. Mibzerle tohumlar d\u00fczenli aral\u0131klarla ve uygun derinlikte ekilir, b\u00f6ylece bitkiler sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde b\u00fcy\u00fcr.<\/li>\n
          • Serpme Ekim<\/strong>: K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli \u00e7iftliklerde kullan\u0131lan bir y\u00f6ntemdir, ancak d\u00fczensiz tohum yerle\u015fimi ve zay\u0131f \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015flar g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            Tohumlar, 2-4 cm derinli\u011fe ekilmeli ve bitkilerin b\u00fcy\u00fcmesine g\u00f6re 30-40 cm aral\u0131kla yerle\u015ftirilmelidir. Dekara yakla\u015f\u0131k 15-20 kg tohum kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

              \n
            1. Sulama ve G\u00fcbreleme<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              Yeterli suya ihtiya\u00e7 duyar, ancak fazla sulama k\u00f6klerin \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcmesine yol a\u00e7abilir.<\/p>\n

                \n
              • Sulama<\/strong>: Soya fasulyesinin en yo\u011fun su ihtiyac\u0131 \u00e7i\u00e7eklenme ve bakla olu\u015fum d\u00f6neminde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Bu d\u00f6nemde d\u00fczenli sulama verimi art\u0131r\u0131r. Damla sulama veya ya\u011fmurlama sistemleri, toprak neminin korunmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir.<\/li>\n
              • G\u00fcbreleme<\/strong>:\n
                  \n
                • Azot (N)<\/strong>: Soya fasulyesi, atmosferden azot alabilme yetene\u011fine sahiptir. Ancak, azot eksikli\u011fi durumunda azotlu g\u00fcbre uygulanabilir.<\/li>\n
                • Fosfor (P)<\/strong>: K\u00f6k geli\u015fimi i\u00e7in \u00f6nemlidir ve ekim s\u0131ras\u0131nda uygulanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n
                • Potasyum (K)<\/strong>: Bitkinin dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131r ve su dengesini d\u00fczenler. \u00c7i\u00e7eklenme ve bakla olu\u015fum d\u00f6nemlerinde potasyumlu g\u00fcbre kullan\u0131labilir.<\/li>\n
                • Mikroelementler ve kalsiyum i\u00e7eren g\u00fcbreler, topra\u011f\u0131n verimlili\u011fini art\u0131r\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  Toprak analizine dayal\u0131 g\u00fcbreleme, bitkilerin sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 geli\u015fmesini sa\u011flar ve a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 g\u00fcbre kullan\u0131m\u0131ndan ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  1. Hastal\u0131klar ve Zararl\u0131larla M\u00fccadele<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                    \u00c7e\u015fitli hastal\u0131klar ve zararl\u0131larla m\u00fccadele edilmesi gereken bir bitkidir.<\/p>\n

                      \n
                    • \n

                      Hastal\u0131klar<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

                        \n
                      • K\u00f6k \u00c7\u00fcr\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc (Phytophthora spp.)<\/strong>: Toprak neminin fazla oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgelerde g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. Erken d\u00f6nemde toprak dezenfeksiyonu ve diren\u00e7li \u00e7e\u015fitler kullan\u0131labilir.<\/li>\n
                      • Yaprak Lekesi (Septoria spp.)<\/strong>: Nemli ortamlarda yayg\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Temiz tar\u0131m uygulamalar\u0131 ve kimyasal m\u00fccadele ile kontrol edilebilir.<\/li>\n
                      • Soya Mozaik Vir\u00fcs\u00fc<\/strong>: Yapraklarda sararma ve deformasyon g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Diren\u00e7li \u00e7e\u015fitler tercih edilmelidir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
                      • \n

                        Zararl\u0131lar<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

                          \n
                        • Soya B\u00f6ce\u011fi (Rhiptorhynchus spp.)<\/strong>: Tohumlar\u0131 yer, bu da verim kayb\u0131na neden olur. Kimyasal ve biyolojik m\u00fccadele y\u00f6ntemleri gereklidir.<\/li>\n
                        • K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 Tarla Sine\u011fi (Sciara spp.)<\/strong>: Yapraklara zarar verir. \u0130la\u00e7lama veya biyolojik m\u00fccadele y\u00f6ntemleri ile kontrol edilebilir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                          Yabanc\u0131 otlar da soya fasulyesinin b\u00fcy\u00fcmesini engelleyebilir. Bu nedenle toprak haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ot kontrol\u00fc \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n

                            \n
                          1. Hasat ve Depolama<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                            Ekimden yakla\u015f\u0131k 120-150 g\u00fcn sonra hasat edilir.<\/p>\n

                              \n
                            • Hasat Zaman\u0131<\/strong>: Olgunluk, baklalar\u0131n kahverengiye d\u00f6nmesi ve tohumlar\u0131n sertle\u015fmesiyle anla\u015f\u0131labilir.<\/li>\n
                            • Hasat Y\u00f6ntemleri<\/strong>: B\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli \u00fcreticiler bi\u00e7erd\u00f6ver kullan\u0131rken, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7iftliklerde elle hasat yap\u0131labilir.<\/li>\n
                            • Depolama<\/strong>: Soya fasulyesi, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck nem oran\u0131yla depolanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Nem oran\u0131 %12-13 civar\u0131nda tutulmal\u0131d\u0131r. Serin, kuru ve havaland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f alanlar, depolama i\u00e7in ideal ko\u015fullard\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                \n
                              1. Verim Art\u0131rma Y\u00f6ntemleri<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                Soya fasulyesi verimlili\u011fi, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki y\u00f6ntemlerle art\u0131r\u0131labilir:<\/p>\n

                                  \n
                                • \u0130yi Tohum Se\u00e7imi<\/strong>: Sertifikal\u0131 ve yerel iklim ko\u015fullar\u0131na uygun tohumlar sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir ekim i\u00e7in temel \u015fartt\u0131r.<\/li>\n
                                • Toprak \u0130yile\u015ftirmeleri<\/strong>: Organik madde ve g\u00fcbre kullan\u0131m\u0131yla toprak yap\u0131s\u0131 iyile\u015ftirilmelidir.<\/li>\n
                                • Zararl\u0131larla M\u00fccadele<\/strong>: Hastal\u0131klar ve zararl\u0131larla etkili m\u00fccadele, verim kay\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131 engeller.<\/li>\n
                                • Ekim N\u00f6beti<\/strong>: S\u00fcrekli ayn\u0131 bitkilerle ekim yap\u0131lmamal\u0131, farkl\u0131 bitkilerle d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcml\u00fc ekimler yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                  Sonu\u00e7<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                  Soya fasulyesi, y\u00fcksek protein i\u00e7eri\u011fi ve \u00e7evreye katk\u0131 sa\u011flayan azot fiksasyonu \u00f6zellikleriyle \u00f6nemli bir tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr. Uygun toprak haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131, ekim, g\u00fcbreleme, sulama ve zararl\u0131larla m\u00fccadele gibi do\u011fru tar\u0131m uygulamalar\u0131 ile verimlilik art\u0131r\u0131labilir. Soya fasulyesi yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi, s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir tar\u0131m a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir potansiyel ta\u015f\u0131r ve ekonomik katk\u0131 sa\u011flayabilir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                                  Soya fasulyesi (Glycine max), y\u00fcksek protein i\u00e7eri\u011fi ve besin de\u011feri ile \u00f6nemli bir tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr. D\u00fcnyada en fazla \u00fcretilen ikinci baklagil olan soya fasulyesi, hayvan yemi, bitkisel ya\u011f \u00fcretimi ve…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1139,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2301,3],"tags":[315,338,325,334,312,289,320,317,335,328,327,311,331,323,321,337,324,330,319,316,333,313,332,326,282,318,322,336,329,314],"class_list":["post-1138","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-arsiv","category-hbr","tag-azot-fiksasyonu","tag-bitkisel","tag-ciftlik-yonetimi","tag-ekim-nobeti","tag-glycine-max","tag-gubreleme","tag-hastaliklar-ve-zararlilar","tag-iklim-gereksinimleri","tag-iyi-tohum-secimi","tag-kok-curuklugu","tag-soya-bocegi","tag-soya-fasulyesi","tag-soya-fasulyesi-depolama","tag-soya-fasulyesi-ekimi","tag-soya-fasulyesi-hasadi","tag-soya-fasulyesi-tohumlari","tag-soya-fasulyesi-yetistiriciligi","tag-soya-mozaik-virusu","tag-sulama-yontemleri","tag-surdurulebilir-tarim","tag-tarim-ileri-teknolojiler","tag-tarim-urunu","tag-tarimda-verimlilik","tag-tarimsal-uygulamalar","tag-toprak-hazirligi","tag-toprak-ihtiyaclari","tag-verim-artirma-yontemleri","tag-yabanci-ot-kontrolu","tag-yaprak-lekesi","tag-yuksek-protein-icerigi"],"yoast_head":"\nSoya 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